The demand for information security is increasing, the key to the new generation of network communication: quantum communication The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly by American scholar John Clauser, French scholar Alain Aspect, and Austrian scholar Anton Zeilinger. Through entangled photon experiments, they established evidence of violation of Bell’s inequality and groundbreaking quantum information science. Their research results Start the development and follow-up research and application of quantum information science, including in the fields of quantum communication, quantum cryptography, quantum computing and quantum sensing. In recent years, breakthroughs in quantum computer (Quantum Computers) technology have brought high-efficiency and absolute security to quantum communication. Computer computing is getting stronger and stronger, and traditional encryption methods are threatened "Our current encrypted communication is actually conditionally secure." Chu Zhisong, a professor of physics at Tsinghua University, mentioned that the security of the current encrypted communication is mainly based on the premise that the computing power of the computer is not fast enough; but with the quantum computer The breakthrough of technology and its high-speed computing capability will pose a threat to the "security" defined in traditional cryptography. Chu Zhisong explained that the method of encrypting messages is like creating a lock for the door of a home, only the person with the key can open it. Therefore, encrypted communication mainly uses a special private key (Private Key) to lock the message. Corresponding private key to unlock and read information. But how can the key be sent safely without being obtained by interested parties? At present, the main encryption technology is based on the calculation problem of prime factorization. When the number is larger, it takes longer to crack, and even requires powerful computer computing power to calculate. Therefore, once the computing power of the computer increases, the time and cost to crack the encrypted message will be reduced. In order to find a more secure encryption method, quantum encryption communication developed by using quantum characteristics has gradually begun to develop. Chu Zhisong believes that for industries that need to transmit confidential information, such as banking and financial systems or military institutions, quantum encryption communication is a very suitable field for application. Someone was found trying to steal secrets because of a state change "An unknown quantum state cannot be copied." Chu Zhisong explained that due to the non-replicable nature of quantum, any observation or measurement will change its original state, and it is impossible to peep or steal information. The key is a combination of zero or one. When information is transmitted, only one photon will be sent to the receiver at a time. This photon can exist in many states at the same time. If someone tries to steal and copy the photon from it, the receiver will also find that it has received The status is different from the original one, and the channel is not safe. The two parties can compare the properties to confirm whether the photons have been intercepted. This technique of securely sending encryption keys is called Quantum Key Distribution.
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